From the beginning of Barack Obama's quest for the Democratic presidential nomination, there were African-American critics who accused him of not being "black enough." Ironically, some of those questioning his ethnic credentials were neoconservatives, or apologists for the Republican Right Wing.
For example, conservative writer Debra Dickerson, author of The End of Blackness declared in January, 2007, that "Obama would be the great black hope in the next presidential race, if he were actually black." Journalist Stanley Crouch took a similarly negative approach, stating that while Obama "has experienced some light versions of typical racial stereotypes, he cannot claim those problems as his own – nor has he lived the life of a black American." Juan Williams, of FOX News, warned that "there are widespread questions whether this son of a white American mother and a black Kenyan father really understands the black American experience." Even Al Sharpton challenged Obama's legitimacy, stating, "Just because you are our color doesn't make you our kind … It's not about his genealogy, it's about his policies … What is it that you're going to represent?"